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海顿英文简介

海顿，又译海登、海典、偕丁，维也纳古典乐派的奠基人，交响乐之父，是世界音乐史上影响巨大的重要作曲家。他是维也纳古典乐派的第一位代表人物，一位颇具创造精神的作曲家。下面是第一范文网小编给大家整理的海顿英文简介，供大家参阅!

海顿简介

FranzJosephHaydn(March31,1732-May31,1909),alsotranslatedHayden,theseacode,gading,thefounderoftheViennaclassicalmusic,thefatherofthesymphony,wasborninAustriaSouthofthebeautifulborderofthevillageofLuoluoneartheHungarianborder.Haydnisanimportantcomposerinthehistoryofworldmusic.HeisthefirstrepresentativeoftheViennaclassicalmusicschool,arathercreativecomposer.

Haydn'smusicishumorous,crisp,andcontainsareligiousdetachment.Heplaysthesonatafromthepianotothestringrehearsal.Heisthefounderoftheinstrumentalrhetoricandcompletelyassimilatestheindependentpartofthetraditionallaw.Developmenttostartonitsown.LaterhevisitedtheUnitedKingdom,acceptedbytheUniversityofOxfordawardedthetitleofmusicdoctor,bytheinfluenceofHandel,butalsobytheimpactofMozart,resultinginmelodicbeautifullyricalcolor,therearesimilarBaroquestyle.Hereplacedthepianowiththestringquartet,withorchestralinsteadoftheorgan,creatingtwonewformsofharmony.

HeandMozartandBeethoventhreefortheViennaclassicalmusicoftheoutstandingrepresentatives,nicknamed"Haydnfather."

海顿人物生平

earlylife

OnMarch31,1732,FranzJosephHaydnwasborninapoorcardealerfamilyontheAustrianandHungarianborders.Haydn'sfatherisacarriagemaker,tobuildacarriageforaliving,themotherisacook.Althoughtheparentsareordinaryworkers,buttheylovemusic,whichmakesHaydnhavetheopportunitytobeinfluencedbymusic.

In1738,HaydenlefthisparentstoViennaattheageofsixandwassenttorelativesnearHainburganderDonau,wherehereceivedtraininginchurchchoirs.WasselectedintotheChildren'sChoir.

In1740,HaydnwaseightyearsoldbytheViennaSt.Stephen'sCathedralacceptedasachoirboy.AtthetimeofVienna'sStephen'sCathedralmusicdirectorGeorgvonReuttergotothecountrysidewhentheelectionseedlingHaydnwasphase.ReutterbroughtHaydntoVienna,andforthenextnineyears,HaydnhadbeensingingattheChildren'sChoir.InthelastfouryearswithhisbrotherMichael.DuringwhichHaydnlearntosing,pianoandviolin.ReuttermodifiedHaydn'sfirstcomposer,butdidnotmakealessonforhisregularprofessor.Despitethis,Haydnhaslearnedalot-mainlythroughself-study,andheisveryyoungtobegintoenjoytheinfluenceoftheViennamusicenvironment,whichisamusicianisessential.

In1748,fromtheageof16hissweetsongbegantounfortunatelygraduallyhoarse.

1749,Haydnbodyhasmatured,hasbeenunabletosingchildren'schoirrequirementsofchildren'svoice,coupledwithsomeofthefinalchangeisoutofthechoir.Itwassaidthathehadspentthenightontheparkbench,butwasthenshelteredbyhisfriendsandbeganhiscareerasafreemusician.Aftertenyearsofhardyears,Haydndidalotofdifferentwork,astheItaliancomposerNiccolaAntonioPorpora'sfollowers.Hetriedtolearntofilltheirownprofessionaldeficiencies.Andwrotehisfirstquartetandthefirstopera.Duringthisperiod,Haydn'sprofessionalattainmentsgraduallyincreased,wingsgraduallyfeng.

In1754,HaydnbeganasViennawasborn10-year-oldMariannaMartinespianoteacher.Whenhebegantoteachher,MariannaMartineshadalreadyplayedwell.Haydnlivesinastudent'shomeanddoesnotchargetuitiontomeettheroomrate.

In1757,Haydngothisfirstimportantpost,thatisservedasthechiefoftheDukeofKarlvonMorzinintheportofLukavecofPilsen.

In1759,attheageof27completedthefirstsymphony.HebecamethemusicguideofthechoirofthesmallchurchofBohemia'sCountessMoxin.Asalongmanhecommandedasmallbandandwrotehisfirstsymphony,stringtrio,Cassationen,stringquartet.Thesearemostlyhandwrittenandnotprinted.

TheDukeofMorzinsoonhadfinancialdifficultiesandhadtodissolvetheband.ButsoonHaydnin1761intheEsterházyfamilytofindasimilarpostofdeputydirector.EsterházyfamilyatthetimeoftheAustro-HungarianEmpireprominentposition.Later,theband'slong-timeveteranGregorWernerdiedin1766,Haydnwaspromoted.

Musicservant

In1761,HaydnwasappointedasthedeputydirectorofthepalacebytheprinceofthemostpowerfulofPaulAntonioEstherhaziinHungary,wherehespenta30-year-oldmusicservice.Thetasteofbeingemployedisbitter:youmustwearembroideredvest,whitelongpantyhose,wigorcomb,andhaveapinkpowderonyourface.Everydaybeforeandafterlunch,towaitinthelivingroom,waitingfortheownerofthedayofthearrangementsformusicactivitiesinstructions.Inthecreation,mustbeinthespecifieddatebytheownerofthepropositionorrequest,writtenontimemusicworks.Inaddition,itisnecessarytosupervisethedisciplineoftheband,takecareofeveryinstrument,givethenewsingerclass,improvethebandlevelandsoon.Haydnwrotesadly:"Iamsittinginmywilderness,almostnohumanwithme,Iamverypainful......inrecentdaysIdonotknowifIamalongortheaterticket......toknowthatoftenslavesareverysad......".

Althoughsometimesthecourtlifeimposedonhimalltheconstraintstoprovokehimangry,hestilllivedinsuchaworld.Theworlddoesnotdoubtthattheprinceofthesupreme,northesuspicionofthegreatartistwhowearsuniforms.WithregardtohisstatusatEstherHaji'shome,hisownfinalevaluationarguesthatfavorableconditionsoutweightheunfavorableconditions."Princeisalwayssatisfiedwithmywork.Iamnotonlyoftenencouraged,andasabandconductor,Icanexperiment,observewhatproducedtheeffect,whatweakenedtheeffect,Icanimprove,replace,addsomeadditionsanddeletions,CanbeboldlydoneasIlike,Iamisolated,noonetodisturbortortureme,Iwasforcedtobecome'originaltalent'.

Aslongaslong

About1770asauniformedandcommanderofthepalaceofmusic,Haydnfollowedthefamilylivedinthreeplaces:about50kmfromViennaEisenstadtVienneseHermitage,andanewcastlecalledEszterháza.Thecastlewasbuiltin1760intheHungarianborder.Haydn'sdutiesweremainlycomposer,leadingthechoir,playingchambermusicforthemembersofthecourt,andorganizingoperacreation.Despitethemanydutiesinthebody,Haydnfeelsveryfullandhappy.Esterházy'sprinces(firstPaulII-PaulAnton,thenNikolaiI-NikolausI.)Areveryunderstandingofmusic,enjoytheworkofHaydnandgivehimthenecessaryconditionstomakehistalenttoplay.Theygotothechoruseveryday.

In1780,afterhavingastablelongjob,HaydnmarriedMariaAnnaKeller,butshewasnotfeelingwellaftermarriage.MariaAnnaisnotfertile,whichmakesHaydnverydisappointed.TherearerumorsthatheandthesameistheEsterházyOrchestraactorLuigiaPolzellidyed,andhersonAnton'sfather.HaydninEsterházythirtyyearsasLelongperiod,notonlytocreatealargenumberofmusicalworks,stylehasalsobeeninnovative,andfameout.Graduallybegannotonlyforemployers,butalsoforthepublictowrite.

In1781,HaydnandMozartbecamegoodfriends,andsincethenonhislaterworkshaveadeepimpact.Theyoftenliketoplaystringquartetstogether.Asweallknow,Haydnatthattimehasstoppedwritingoperaandsymphony,andthisisMozart'sstrengths.MozartspeciallywrotethefirstquartettotieinwithHaydnjustfinishedtheOp.33series.MozartdedicatedtheworktoHaydn.

OnFebruary11,1785,HaydnjoinedtheMasonicZurwahrenEintracht.MozartwasunabletoattendhisinaugurationceremonybecausehehadtoattendtheconcertofhisfatherLeopoldMozartthatday.Mozartisalsoamemberoftheorganization.ItisthisrelationshipthatdeepensthedeepfriendshipbetweenHaydnandMozart.

Independentmusicians

In1790,NikolausDagongdied,hisheirdidnothavetheslightestmusicaltaste,sothedissolutionofthecourtbandandletHaydnretired.HaydnthenacceptedtheinvitationofGermanmusicmanagerJohannPeterSalomontoLondontojoinhisnewlyformedsymphonyorchestraandchoir.Thetwotrips(1791-1792and1794-1795,respectively)wereagreatsuccess.TheaudiencecametowatchHaydn'sshow,sothatHaydnfameandfortune.DuringLondon,Haydnalsocompletedanumberofimportantworks,suchasSymphonyOrchestra,Army,London,KnightQuartetandGypsyTrio.

In1791,HaydnwenttoLondon,ayeartowriteaopera,symphony6and20otherworks,hismusicisverypopular.HeattendedtheWestminster'sHandelMusicFestivalandbecameanhonorarymusicianatOxfordUniversity.HaydnhadconsideredjoiningtheBritishandlivedthereforalongtime,butfailedtodoso.HereturnedtoVienna,builtanewhouse,andchangedhisstyleofwriting,begantowritethemagnificentchorusandsymphonyworks.Hecompletedthecreationoftheoratorio"Genesis"and"FourSeasons"andwrotesixchurchworksfortheEsterházyfamily.Esterházyfamilythentheprincelikedthemusic.Haydnalsocompletedthelastnineofhisstringquartetseries,suchastheEmperorQuartet,thePentagonQuartetandtheSunrise.AlthoughHaydnisnotyoung,heisstillfulloflongingforthefuture.Inaletterhewrote:"Thereissomuchtodointhiswonderfulart!"

In1802,Haydnfeltthatadiseasethathadplaguedhimforyearshadworsenedsomuchthathecouldnotcontinuetocomposemusic.ThisisundoubtedlyahitforHaydn:ashehimselfsaid,therearesomanyfreshmusicideas,suchastheinfluxofwater,waitingforhimtocomplete.AlthoughHaydnwascarefullywatchedbyhisservantinthelastfewyears,itwasoftenvisitedandreceivedmanyhonors,butitwasnothishappiesttime.Intheillness,heoftenplayedbytheAustrianKingChungtofindspiritualcomfort.Thissongishis1797yearswithapatriot'spassionatecreation.

Behindthethings

May31,1809,HaydndiedinNapoleonafterthedeathofVienna.Attheageof77yearsold.Hislastwords,wasactuallyintheneighborhoodwasbombardedafterhiscomforttotheservantsdonotbeafraid.HaydnwasburiedintheHundsturmercemetery(HaydnPark,ViennaMeidling).

AndEsterhazyfamilyeventurnedablindeyetothis.UntillatertheDukeofvonCambridgeandNikolausIIDagongsaidthatthetalentedHaydhaddoneinhishomeformanyyears,hedecidedin1820toHaydn'stombtoEisenstadt'sHaydnChurch.WhenHaydn'scoffinwasopened,peoplefoundtheheadwasgone.LaterthesurveyfoundthatEsterhazyDagong'ssecretary-JoshuaCarlRosenbaum,wastheadmireroftheskullscholarFranzJososGall.Heboughttheprisonadministratorandtheothertwocivilservants,buriedinHaydnforeightdays,thecoffinopened,stoletheskull.Becauseatthattimecannotfindthestolenskull,peoplecanonlytheheadofthebodytransportedtoEisenstadtburied.LatertheprisonmanagerJohannPetergavethepoliceaso-calledHaydnskull,buttherealskullwasinthesecretaryRosenbaumthere.HeletthefriendPetertransfertheskulltothemusicacademy.ButuntilPeterdidnotfinishthetask.Peter'swidowstilldidnotdoit.Theskullwaslaterheldbymanypeopleuntil1895bytheFriendsoftheViennaMusiciansAssociationCollectioninitsmuseumuntil1953.Andafterseveraltwistsandturns,andfinallyin1954skullfromViennawastransportedtoEisenstadtandbodytogether.After145years,Haydnfinallyhadthewholecorpse.

海顿人物评价

Haydn'smusicishumorous,laid-back,bright,light,withareligiousdetachment,hewillbesonatafromthepianotothedevelopmentofthestringtotheensemble,heisthefounderoftheinstrumentalist,thetraditionalmethodofindependence,Thethemeofdevelopmenttostarttheirown.LaterhevisitedtheUnitedKingdom,acceptedbytheUniversityofOxfordawardedthetitleofthemusicdoctor,bytheinfluenceofHandel,resultinginmelodicbeautifullyricalcolor,thereisasimilarBaroquestyle.Hereplacedthepianowiththestringquartet,withorchestralinsteadoftheorgan,creatingtwonewformsofharmony.

Haydnwasknownasthe"fatherofthesymphony",withMozartandBeethoventhreefortheAustrianclassicalmusicschooloutstandingrepresentative,nicknamed"HaydnDaddy."Haydn29-year-oldpalacelong,fromthebinding"father"love,untilthe77-year-olddrivingwesttour.Haydnstrongpopularity,getthecrowdcalledhim"father".Interestingly,eventheBritishpresentedhisparrot,butmettheowner,butalsoaPapa.Infact,regardlessofsymphonyorstringquartetisnothisfirst,butthetworespectsbutalsoreputation,becauseitisinhiscultivation,thesetwoimportantinstrumentalmusicgeniusfromthegrassintothematurestage.

GermancomposerWagner(1813-1883)commentedonHaydn'spreachingthathepursuedacalmandcomfortablelifeandsoughttomaintainhisbelovedstatus,sohewasseenasamanofobedienceTheHaydnisnotlikeMozart,daretofightwiththefeudalforces,morethanBeethoven,heroicinitiativetothedarkrealitytostartonslaught!HaydnisHaydn,althoughhesometimeshumiliatingthesituationofpain,butcanbesatisfiedwiththestatusquo,Itsmusic.Hismusicstyleashispersonality:optimistic,kind,sincere,hearty,humorous.

Inthestringquartet,heusesthe"principleofspeech",thatis,thevariouspartsoftheconversationlikeaconversationechoes,bothclearmelody,therearepolyphonicbeauty."FromHaydnIfirstlearnedtherealwayofwritingaquartet."Inthesymphonyhe"establishedtheprincipleofsonatadevelopmentwithasmallmotive,andabolishedthetraditionofdigitalbass,Andbegantoestablishtheprinciplesofthepreparationandmatchingofmodernorchestra."ThesearegivenMozartandBeethovengreatinspiration.

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