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爱默生英文简介

拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生，美国思想家、文学家，诗人。爱默生是确立美国文化精神的代表人物。下面是第一范文网小编为你整理的爱默生英文简介，希望对你有用!

拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生简介

RalphWaldoEmerson(May25,1803-April27,1882)wasborninBoston.Americanthinker,writer,poet.EmersonistherepresentativeoftheAmericanculture.FormerUSPresidentLincolncalledhim"AmericanConfucius"and"FatherofAmericanCivilization".Publishedin1836debut"onnature".Hiscontributiontoliteratureismainlyinproseandpoetry.18April1882diedinBoston.

拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生文学生涯

InSeptember1835,Emersonandotherlike-mindedintellectualsfoundedtheTranscendentalClub.UntilJuly1840,EmersonpublishedhisfirstessayinSeptember1836,Nature".Whentheworkbecomesthebasicprincipleoftranscendence,manypeopleimmediatelythinkthatthisistheItalianworks.

In1837Emersonpublishedafamousspeechonthethemeof"AmericanScholar",proclaimingthatAmericanliteraturehadbeenindependentfromBritishliteratureandwarnedAmericanscholarsnottoletthestudylearntospread,donotblindlyfollowtradition,imitate.Inaddition,thisspeechalsocriticizedtheAmericansocietyofmoneyworship,emphasizingthevalueofpeople.KnownastheUnitedStatesinthefieldofideologicalandcultural"DeclarationofIndependence".

Oneyearlater,EmersoncriticizedtheonlydeityofChristianityintheDeanoftheTheologicalSeminary,strivingforthesupremehumanbeing,andadvocatingtheintuitionofthetruth."Believeinyourownthoughts,andbelievethatwhatisrightinyourheartthatisrightforyouisapplicabletoall......"literarycriticsLawrenceBullinthe"EmersonBiography"said,Emersonandhisdoctrine,IsthemostimportantsecularreligionintheUnitedStates.

In1838hewasinvitedtoreturntoHarvardUniversityTheologicalSeminaryforthegraduationceremony.HiscommentsimmediatelyshockedtheentireProtestantcommunity,becauseheexplainedthatwhenJesuswasaman,hewasnotGod(atthattimepeoplewouldrathernothearsuchaspeech).Thus,hewascondemnedasanatheistandpoisonedtheyoungman'smind,andfacedwiththesecriticismshedidnotmakeanyresponseordefense.Inthefollowing40years,hewasnolongerinvitedtotheHarvardUniversityspeech,butinthemid-1880s,hispositionbecameadoctrineofthedoctrine.

Proceedings

In1840Emersonwastheeditorofthe"sundial"ofthetranscendentalistpublication,furtherpromotingtranscendentalism.Later,hecompiledhisownspeechintoabook,whichisthefamous"Proceedings".ThefirstepisodeoftheProceedingswaspublishedin1841,including12paperssuchas"OnSelf-help","OnSpirit","OnCompensation","OnLove","OnFriendship".Threeyearslater,thesecondepisodeoftheProceedingswasalsopublished.ThisbookasEmersonwonagreatreputation,hismindiscalledthecoreoftranscendentalism,hehimselfwasknownasthe"AmericanRenaissanceleader"reputation.

Inearly1842,Emerson'seldestsonofChinabecauseofsufferingfromscarletfeveranddied.Emersonpresentedhisgriefinhistwomasterpieces:anelegyandhisessay"Experience"(Experience).InthesameyearWilliamJameswasborn,Emersonagreedtobehisgodfather.

EmersonbecameafamousspeakerinNewEnglandandothercountriesoutsidetheUnitedStates.Whenhecannotattendsomespeechesasscheduled,FrederickDouglaswillreplacehim.Emerson'sspeechhasmanydifferentthemes,manyofhisworksareextractedfromhisspeech.

EmersonandNathanielHawthorneandHenryDavidThoreauarefriendsandoftenwalkwiththematConcord.EmersoninspiredThoreau'stalent.ThoreauhasalsobuiltahouseinWalden,ofJacksonCounty,Colorado.WhenThoreaulivesinWalden,EmersonoffersfoodandhiresThoreautofinishsomework.WhenThoreauleftWaldentwoyearslater,Emersonleftbecausehewantedtotravel,andThoreaulivedatEmerson'shome.

TheirfriendlyrelationshipwasbrokenbyThomson'sfirstbook,AWeekontheConcordandMerrimackRivers,whenRuthgaverudeadvice.Thisbookisnotveryextensivedesign,andEmersontookhimtoseetheiragents,whichallowsThoreautobearthecostofpublishingthisbookandtherisk.Readersofthisbookisnotmuch,thisthoreaubegantobearthedebt.Finally,thetwoofthemreconcilesomeofthedifferences,butThoreauinprivatestillcondemnedEmersongraduallydeviatedfromhisinitialoutlookonlife,andEmersonbegantoThoreauasawearyperson.EmersongaveanegativeevaluationofThoreau'srhetoricinthe19thcentury.

Emersonisanabstractandesotericwriter,buthisspeechstillhasalotofpeopletolisten.Emerson'sworkisbasedonhisdiary'sobservationofthings,andwhenhewasstillatHarvard,hehadwrittendiaryhabits,andthosediarieswerecarefullyindexedbyEmerson.Hewriteshisownexperiencesandideasinhisdiaryandbringsoutsomemeaningfulmessagesandcombineswithhisintensiveandcondensedlectureessence.Later,herevisedandrelentedthecontentofthespeech,sothathisessayandsomeotherworks.

Hewasamanwhowasregardedasoneofthegreatperformersatthetime,andfascinatedtheaudiencewithalowvoice.Hewasveryenthusiasticandtreatedwithanequalattitudeandvaluedtheaudience.Hisstraightforwardanduncompromisingstanceontheabolitionofniggerismledhimtoobjecttoandmockaftertalkingaboutthesubject.Hecontinuestopublisharadicalabolitionoftheslavesbutdoesnotconsiderwhetherpeoplelikeit.Hetriedtorefrainfromjoininganyopenpoliticalmovementorgroup,andwasofteneagertobeindependent,whichreflectedhisindividualistposition.Heofteninsistednottoadvocate,tobecomeapersonaloneontheirown.Inhislateryears,peoplewantedhimtocountthenumberofhiswritings,andhestillsaidthathisfaithwas"infiniteindividual".

Emerson'searlyreadingoftheFrenchessayistMontaigne'sworks,andbyitsgreatinfluence.HeunderstoodthepersonalstylefromtheseworksandbegantolowerhistrustinGod.HeneverreadKant'swork,buthereadColeridge'sexplanationoftheGermantranscendentalist.ThismakesEmersondonotbelieveinthesoulandGod.

influences

AfterEmersondied,hewasburiedintheSlippeValleyCemeteryinConcord,Massachusetts.InMay20xx,Emersonpublishedthe"TheologicalSeminary"after168years,HarvardUniversityTheologicalSeminaryannouncedthecreationofUUA(UnitarianUniversalistAssociation).

Emerson'scollectionofmanyoftheproseof"CollectedEssays:First(1841)andSecond(1844)Series"isconsideredoneofthe100masterpieces.

Emerson'sProceedingspraisedtheideathatpeoplewouldtrustthemselves,andthosewhobelievedinthemselveswererepresentativesofall,becauseheperceivedtheuniversaltruth.Emersonwithatranscendentalist'stone,quietlynarratedhisviewoftheworld,transcendentalismcombinedandpenetratedtheneo-PlatonismandsimilarCalvinsectarianaseriousmoralandthatcanbeinallnaturalInthediscoveryofGod'sloveromanticoptimism.

Emersonlikestospeak,facethecrowdtomakehimexcited,hesaidhefeltagreatemotioninthecall,hismainreputationandachievementsestablishedhere.HebecametheleaderofAmericantranscendentalismthroughhisownessaysandspeeches,andbecamethemostimportantoftheinformalphilosophers.Hisphilosophicalspiritismanifestedintheremarkableviewoflogicandempiricism.Hedespisestheexplorationofpuretheoryandbelievesinnature,whichembodiesthelawsofGodandGod.

InadditiontotheProceedings,Emerson'sworksinclude"Representatives","BritishCharacteristics","Poems","MayFestivalandOtherPoems".

Emerson'sprosewriter,thinker,poetinone.Hispoetry,proseunique,payattentiontotheideologicalcontentandnottoomuchemphasisonrhetoricgorgeous,writinglikeaphorism,philosophicaleasytounderstand,persuasive,andatypical"Emersonstyle."Somepeoplecommentedonhiswords:"Emersonseemstoonlywriteasentence,"histextrevealsthetemperamentisdifficulttodescribe:bothfullofautocraticandnodoubt,butalsohasanopenspiritofdemocracy;botharistocraticarrogance,Moreciviliansofthedirect;bothclearandeasytounderstand,andoftenmixedwithsomekindofmysticism......apersoncanbeinsertedinanarticlesomanyalarmisreallyamazing,thoseworthitinthemorningWhydoyoureadthewordsalwaysinspiring,theyearsarenotforhimtocoverthedust,butagainstthebackgroundhewassparkling.

Emerson'sgreatestachievementinthehistoryofAmericancultureandliteratureisthatheinsistsontheestablishmentofanindependentnationalcultureandliterature.Heisagainstthesuddenattack,followthefootsteps.HepreachedthespiritualindependenceoftheNewWorld.Emerson'sthoughtinitsfamous"Americanphilosopher"inthefurtherdevelopment.EmersonaskedtheAmericanthinkersto"knowthemselves","observethenatural",searchbyotherslong,createanewcultureofthenewcontinent,writetheirownbooks,inordertoachievetheirownperfectionatthesametime,forhumanprogresscontribution.HeaskedtheAmericanphilosophertobeanindependentthinker,notsomeoneelse'sthought.

Hepointedoutthatthebookcontainsthewisdomofthepastera,butcannotstepbystepinthepast,cannotregulatethemomentstep.Heaskedscholarstobecomeauniverse,ratherthanbeingpulledoutoftheirownorbit.Someoftheideasarecreative,someofthebehavioriscreative,someoftherhetoriciscreative,thesearefromtheminditselffeelgoodandtheUnitedStatesnaturallygushout.Hewarnedthatthegeniusofthepastcouldbetheenemyoftoday'sgenius,andthatShakespearecould"modernize"theoriginalstyleofmodernity.Americanscholarsshouldlookforward,theeyeslonginfrontofthehead,fullofhopetowritetheirownbooks,eacherashouldwritetheirownbooks.

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